Traditional Custodians
The Wallumedegal People of the Darug Nation are the Traditional Custodians of the now named Field of Mars Reserve. Originally Wallumetta, the name probably came from the word 'wallumai' meaning snapper fish and 'matta' meaning place, often a water place.
The name 'Field of Mars'
In 1792 Governor Phillip granted land on the north side of the harbour to eight former British marines and named the area the Field of Mars.
It is believed that Phillip named it Field of Mars after the Roman god of war, Mars – 'land of the soldiers'. The name Field of Mars has been used though history for miliary parade and exercise grounds.
Field of Mars Common
In 1804, Governor King set aside a large part of the underdeveloped area as the Field of Mars Common. The common, spanning 2523 hectares and approximately 2.2 kilometres wide, was intended for the grazing of sheep and cattle. It was also used for timber cutting and firewood collection. The land extended along Lane Cove River from Boronia Park to North Epping and West Pennant Hills.
Field of Mars Reserve
In the 1880s most of the common was cleared for farms and housing. Some land was set aside as a park which formally became the Field of Mars Reserve in 1887.
As housing developments increased, parts of the reserve were used as a garbage tip. Local residents formed the Ryde-Hunters Hill Flora and Fauna Preservation Society and successfully lobbied against the tip expansion, advocating instead for the creation of a nature reserve. Their efforts were successful, and in 1975, the Field of Mars Reserve was proclaimed as a Wildlife Refuge.
Vegetation
The Field of Mars Reserve includes a variety of vegetation communities typically found on Hawkesbury sandstone soils. The main vegetation communities are eucalypt forest, gully forest and wetlands.
The vegetation of the eucalypt forest grows in dry, infertile Hawkesbury sandstone soil. The plants are characteristic of the dry conditions with most having hard, waxy leaves, known as sclerophyll. To reduce moisture loss leaves may also be small or narrow.
Despite being only 56 hectares in size, the reserve contains around 300 species of plants. These plants support an even greater array of animals from the tiniest spiders to possums, birds and wallabies.
Common trees such as Sydney red gums, scribbly gums and Sydney peppermints make up the canopy of the forest. Flowering shrubs such as old man banksia and hairpin banksias provide food to many animals.
Effects of urbanisation
The Field of Mars Reserve has seen a decline or loss of many native species due to land clearing, suburban development, and the introduction of weeds and feral animals. These include goannas, large gliders, kangaroos, and small mammals such as the antechinus.
Management
The Field of Mars is a Wildlife Refuge under the National Parks and Wildlife Act. To sustainably manage the reserve, dogs, horses, mountain bikes, and trail bikes are not permitted. Walking tracks and public toilets are also available to minimise human impacts.
Control of foxes has occurred by baiting. This has led to the return of brush turkeys, long-nosed bandicoots and the occasional sightings of swamp wallabies.
